Explanation: 0 = no comment; 1 = rejection; 2 = strong reservations, but no rejection; 3 = approval with certain reservations, 4 = full approval

Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER)

CESAER is an international association of some 50 leading European universities and schools specialized in engineering and research. CESAER claims recognition of European engineering universities and their specific needs and demands in the Bologna Process. CESAER supports the concept of undergraduate- and a graduate-level education, but notes at the same time that “a single standard for the length of each phase may not work in every system”. There is a clear plea for academic diversity, differences in national systems and institutional flexibility, especially with regard to a “standardized European Bachelor’s degree”. Emphasis should be on producing readable and comparable outcomes at each study level rather than seeking harmonized pre-university preparation. European engineering universities should be free to determine their own selection policies and procedures. CESAER supports the concept of accreditation as a vehicle for quality assurance, cooperation and mutual recognition. Accreditation systems, however, should be developed at a national level rather than a European level. CESAER supports also an outcome-based approach to determining the quality of study programmes. The need for a diploma supplement should be investigated. Further implementation of ECTS is encouraged.